From the hand of microscopic technologies to achievements
The largest headlines in the July 1978 newspapers were for the baby named Louise Brown, the first born with in vitro fertilisation. He was the first probeta child. His mother was drawn an oculus and in the tests they gestated with the sperm of his father. Two days later, the fertilized embryo was put back in the uterus of Mrs. Brown. That embryo grew slowly until nine months Louise Brown was born.
After this birth, the media had only distinctions to the techniques of in vitro fertilisation and announced that the problems of bringing children to the world would end. What looked like a miracle has not been so much, according to statistics, since 85% of women who have attended in vitro fertilisation techniques have not obtained any results.
Space exploration also looked miraculous, without the efforts of men and donations having limits. As in the previous case, in this decade there were also great spatial exploits: In 1970, the Venera probe of the Soviet Union reached the surface of Venus and sent radio signals.
1971, the probe Mars 3 of the Soviet Union managed to reach Mars, sending images and data on the red planet. That same year the Americans placed the ship Mariner 9 in the Martian orbit, sent meteorological data and began to produce maps of the planet. In 1975 NASA sent the Viking 1 and Viking 2 probes to the red planet, which took pictures and analyzed the terrestrial surface. In 1978, the Pioneer 1 probe was placed in the orbit of Venus. In 1979 the Voyager approached Jupiter, verified the existence of rings and more satellites. That same year the Pioneer 11 probe approached Saturn.
Apart from the advances made in the exploration of space, they are also noteworthy those made in technology for this and other objectives. The meteorological prediction satellites, the solar research probes, the research probes of the ozone layer are of that time. In parallel, other technological demonstrations were carried out, such as the spatial expansion of orbital stations: In 1971 the Soviet station Saliut-1 and in 1973 the NASA Skylab. The coupling operation of the spacecraft Soiuz 19 and Apollo 18 in 1975 can also be incorporated into technological demonstrations, as it was the first time that two spacecraft from two different countries joined.
The lack of work in the exploration of space and the progressive deterioration of the Earth by man. To respond to this, in the 1970s, a movement for the environment was created. In fact, this movement has nothing to do with science, but it does with the environment. In fact, it was scientists who realized the degradation of the environment, as well as its possible consequences. In 1971, the Greenpeace organization was established in Canada. In 1975 the World Meteorological Organization carried out the first measurement of the ozone level. At the same time, dioxin leakage in Seveso (1976), accidents at the Harrisburg nuclear power plant (1979), oil tanker Amoco (1978), etc., increased concerns about uncontrolled development and reinforced work in favor of the environment, including the scientist.
1970
-First pocket television made by Panasonic.
1971
-INTEL published its first microprocessor. Microprocessor 4 bits with 2,300 transistors and capable of performing 60.000 operations in a single second. A few years later, new microprocessors came out, increasingly fast, and began to apply technology to new products: medical tools, digital scales, gas stations, etc. By the end of the decade, by 1979, Intel developed the 8088 microprocessor, which IBM put on the first personal computer the following year. Therefore, began the third generation of computers, the generation of microcomputers.
-First commercial diskette of the hand of IBM.
-First portable electronic calculator obtained by Texas Instruments.
-First commercial electronic quartz watch, Pulsar. Besides knowing the time, I had the possibility of having a calculator, thermometer, etc.
-Philips released the video recorder.
1972
-Paul Berg got the first recombinant DNA molecule, after cutting fragments of DNA from two different living beings, one of them virus and another bacterial. A year later, two American biochemists took part in one organism and transplanted it to another.
1973 1973, 1973
-A computerized axial tomography technique was invented, based on x-rays and the computer, which allows to observe with great precision the interior of the human body.
1974 1974
-The fulerenes were discovered, third form of pure carbon; the other two are graphite and diamond.
-British physicist Stephen Hawking exposed the theory of black holes. Facing theories until then, Hawking said that black holes are the origin of radiation. It brought a new perspective to the theories of the expansion of the universe.
1975
-Bill Gates opened the company Microsoft.
-IBM launches a laser printer.
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-The flights of Concorde begin. This year they have finished.
-A team of researchers at MIT created the first artificial gene to function in a living cell. The experiment exacerbated doubts about genetics.
-Opening of the company Apple Computers. One more year he released the first computer "for home".
1977
-After investigating submarine microbes, Carl R. Biologist Woose announced that he discovered a new kind of life, archaobacteria. His theory was not accepted, but in 1997, 20 years, he was right.
1978
-A turbomotor for regular users was invented. -Discovery of the Charon, satellite of Pluto.
1979
-The company Ericson started in Sweden the first mobile phone system.
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