New research suggests that the cells that form the layer commit suicide.
This proposal has been made possible by the analysis of the bodies of twelve people killed by multiple sclerosis. It is believed that a virus-like agent causes cell suicide, which causes an immune response and not vice versa.
Degradation of the layer adjacent to neurons results in loss of muscle control, clumsiness, or cognitive problems. The new discovery may be important to improve treatments for multiple sclerosis, a disease that few experts know of.